Selected Grapefruit-Drug Interaction References

 

1. Bell L, ed.  Reference guide to Drug-Nutrient Interactions.  Vancouver: British Columbia Dietitians’ and Nutritionists’ Association and the British Columbia Pharmacy Association, 1993.

2. Bailey DG, Spence, JD, Munoz C et al. Interaction of citrus juices with felodipine and nifedipine. Lancet, 1991; 337: 268-9. Abstract

3. Bailey DG, Spence JD, Edgar B, et al.   Ethanol enhances the hemodynamic effects of felodipine. Clin Invest Med, 1989; 12: 357-62. Abstract 

4. Bailey DG, Arnold JMO, Spence JD.   Grapefruit Juice and Drugs - How significant is the interaction ?  Clin Pharmacokinet, 1994: 26: 91-8.

5. Fuhr U, Kummert AL.  The fate of naringin in humans: a key to grapefruit juice-drug interactions?  Clin Pharmacol Ther 1995; 58: 363-373.  Abstract

6. Anonymous.  Grapefruit juice interactions with drugs.  Med Letter Drugs Ther 1995; 37: 73-4.

7. Spence JD.  Drug interactions with grapefruit: whose responsibility is it to warn the public ?  Clin Pharmacol Ther 1997; 61: 395-400.

8. Benton RE, Honig PK, Zamani K et al.   Grapefruit juice alters terfenadine pharmacokinetics, resulting in prolongation of repolarization on the electrocardiogram.  Clin Pharmacol Ther 1996, 59: 383-8.   Abstract

9. Josefsson M, Zackrisson A.-L., Ahlner J.  Effect of grapefruit juice on the pharmacokinetics of amlodipine in healthy volunteers.  Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1996, 51: 189-93.  Abstract

10. Soons PA, Vogels BAPM, Roosemalen MCM et al.  Grapefruit juice and cimetidine inhibit stereoselective metabolism of nitrendipine in humans.  Clin Pharmacol Ther 1991, 50: 394-403.  Abstract

11. Bailey DG, Arnold JMO, Strong HA et al.  Effect of grapefruit juice and naringin on nisoldipine pharmacokinetics.   Clin Pharmacol Ther; 54: 589-94.  Abstract

12. Hollander AAMJ, van Rooij J, Lentjes EGWM et al.  The effect of grapefruit juice on cyclosporine and prednisone metabolism in transplant patients.  Clin Pharmacol Ther 1995; 57: 318-24.  Abstract

13. Yee GC, Stanley DL, Pessa LJ et al.   Effect of grapefruit juice on blood cyclosporin concentration.  Lancet 1995; 345: 955-6.

14. Personal communication, N. Partovi, Vancouver General Hospital, September 1997.

15. McInnes K.  Drug Interactions with Grapefruit Juice.  Drug Information Perspectives, 1997; 17: 7-12.

16. Crixivan (indinavir sulfate) package insert.  Merck & Co., West Point, Penn., March 1996

17. Hukkinen SK, Varhe A, Olkkola KT et al.  Plasma concentrations of triazolam are increased by concomitant ingestion of grapefruit juice.  Clin Pharmacol Ther 1995; 58: 127-31.  Abstract

18. Kupferschmidt HHT, Ha HR, Ziegler WH et al.  Interaction between grapefruit juice and midazolam in humans.  Clin Pharmacol Ther 1995; 58: 20-8.  Abstract

19. Weber A, Jager R, Borner A et al.   Can grapefruit juice influence ethinyl estradiol bioavailability ?   Contraception 1996; 53: 41-7.  Abstract

20. Min DI, Ku Y-M, Geraets DR, et al.   Effect of grapefruit juice on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of quinidine in healthy volunteers.  J Clin Pharmacol 1996; 36: 469-76. 
Abstract

21. Bailey DG, Arnold JMO, Munoz et al.  Grapefruit juice-felodipine interaction: mechanism, predictability, and effect of naringin.  Clin Pharmacol Ther 1993;53: 637-42.  Abstract

22. Rau SE, Bend JR, Arnold JMO et al.  Grapefruit juice-terfenadine single-dose interaction: magnitude, mechanism and relevance.  Clin Pharmacol Ther 1997; 61: 401-9.  Abstract

23. Bailey DG, Arnold JMO, Bend JR et al.  Grapefruit juice-felodipine interaction: reproducibility and characterization with the extended release formulation.  Br J Clin Pharmacol 1995; 40: 135-40.
Abstract

24. Schubert W, Cullberg G, Edgar B et al. Inhibition of 17B-estradiol metabolism by grapefruit juice in ovariectomized women. Maturitas 1995; 20: 155-163.  Abstract

25.James JS: Grapefruit juice and saquinavir. AIDS Treatment News 235:5-6, 1995.

26. Lown K, Bailey DG, Fontana RJ et al.  Grapefruit juice increases felodipine oral availability in humans by decreasing intestinal CYP3A protein expression. J Clin Invest 1997; 99: 2545-53.

27. Edwards DJ, Bellvue FH, Woster PM. Identification of 6',7'-Dihydroxybergamottin, a cytochrome p450 inhibitor in grapefruit juice.  Drug Metabol Disp 1996; 24: 1287-90.

28. Fukuda K, Ohta F, Yamazoe Y. Grapefruit component interacting with rat and human p450 CYP3A:  possible involvement of non-flavonoid components in drug interaction.  Biol Pharm Bull 1997; 20: 560-4.

29. Fukuda K, Ohta T, Oshima Y et al.  Specific CYP3A4 inhibitors in grapefruit juice: furocoumarin dimers as components of drug interaction.  Pharmacogenetics 1997; 7: 391-6.

30. Fuhr U, Harder S, Lopez-Rojas H et al.  Increase of verapamil concentrations in steady state by coadministration of grapefruit juice.  Naunyn-Schmiedbergs Arch Pharmacol 1996;  R134: Abstract 536.

31. Taniguchi S, Kobayashi H, Isii M.  Treatment of psoriasis by cyclosporine and grapefruit juice.  Arch Dermatol 1996; 132: 1249.

32. Johnston A, Holt DW. Effect of grapefruit juice on blood cyclosporin concentration. Lancet 1995; 346: 122-3.

33. Pisarik P.  Blood pressure-lowering effect of adding grapefruit juice to nifedipine and terazosin in a patient with severe renovascular hypertension. Arch Fam Med 1996; 6: 413-6.

34. Gillis MC ed. Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties 33rd ed. Ottawa: Canadian Pharmaceutical Association, 2002.

35. Kantola T et al. Grapefruit juice greatly increases serum concentrations of lovastatin and lovastatin acid. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1998; 63: 397-402. Abstract

36. Sullivan DM, Ford MA and Boyden TW.  Grapefruit juice and the response to warfarin.  Am J Health-Syst Pharm 1998; 55: 1581-3. Abstract

37. Fuhr U, Maier A, Keller A et al.   Lacking effect of grapefruit juice on theophylline pharmacokinetics.  Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 1995; 33: 311-4. Abstract

38. Garg SK, Kumar N, Bhargava VK, Prabhakar SK. Effect of grapefruit juice on carbamazepine bioavailability in patients with epilepsy. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1998 Sep;64(3):286-8. Abstract

39. Maish WA, Hampton EM, Whitsett TL et al.  Influence of grapefruit juice on caffeine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.  Pharmacotherapy 1996; 16: 1046-52.

40. Fuhr U, Klittich K, Staib AH. Inhibitory efffect of grapefruit juice and its bitter principal, naringenin, on CYP 1A2 dependent metabolism of caffeine in man. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1993; 35: 431-6.

41. Ozdemir M, Aktan Y, Boydag BS. Interaction between grapefruit juice and diazepam in humans. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 1998 Jan-Mar;23(1):55-9. Abstract

42. Soldner A, Christians U, Susanto M et al. Grapefruit Juice Activates P-Glycoprotein Mediated Drug Transport. Pharm Res 1999; 16: 478-85.  Abstract

43. Cheng KL, Nafziger AN, Peloquin CA et al.  Effect of Grapefruit Juice on Clarithormycin Pharmacokinetics.   Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998; 42: 927-9. Abstract

44. Gross AS, Goh YD, Addison RS et al.  Influence of grapefruit juice on cisapride pharmacokinetics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1999; 65: 395-401. Abstract

45. Sigusch H, Henscel L, Kraul H et al.  Lack of effect of grapefruit juice on diltiazem bioavialablility in normal subjects.  Pharmazie 1994: 49: 675-679.  Abstract

46. Lilja, JJ, Kivisto KT, Neovonen PJ. Grapefruit juice-simvastatin interactions: Effect on serum concentrations of simvastatin, simvastatin acid, and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.  Clin Pharmacol Ther 1998; 64: 477-83.  Abstract

47. Pletal Monograph. Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. 1999.

48.  Ducharme MP, Warbasse LH, Edwards DJ et al. Disposition of intravenous and oral cyclosporine after administration with grapefruit juice. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1995; 57: 485-91. Abstract

49. Ducharme MP, Provenzano R, Dehoorne-Smith M et al.  Trough concentrations of cyclosporine in blood following administration with grapefruit juice. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1993: 36: 457-9. Abstract

50. Kupferschmidt HHT, Fattinger KE, Ha HR et al.  Grapefruit juice enhances the bioavialability of the HIV protease inhibitor in man.  Br J Clin Pharmacol 1998: 45: 355-9. Abstract

51. Edwards DJ, Fitzsimmons ME, Schuetz EG et al.  6',7'-Dihydroxybergamottin in grapefruit juice and Seville orange juice: effects on cyclosporine disposition, enterocyte CYP 3A4 and P-glycoprotein.   Clin Pharmacol Ther 1999; 65: 237-44. Abstract

52. Lilja JJ, Kivisto KT, Neuvonen PJ.  Grapefruit juice increases serum concentrations of atorvastatin and has no effect on pravastatin.  Clin Pharmacol Ther 1999; 66: 118-27. Abstract

53. Rogers JD, Zhao J, Liu L et al.   Grapefruit juice has minimal effects on plasma concentrations of lovastatin-derived 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors.  Clin Pharmacol Ther 1999; 66: 358-66. Abstract

54. Ho PC, Chalcroft SC, Coville PF. Grapefruit juice has no effect on quinine pharmacokinetics.  Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1999; 55: 393-8. Abstract

55. van Agtmael MA, Gupta V, van der Wosten TH et al.  Grapefruit juice increases the bioavailability of artemether.   Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1999; 55: 405-10. Abstract

56. Bartle WR.  Grapefruit juice might still be factor in warfarin response.  Am J Health-Syst Pharm 1999; 56: 676.  Letter

57. Oesterheld J et al.   Grapefruit juice and clomipramine: shifting metabolic ratios.  J Clin Psychopharmacol 1997; w17: 62.

58. Baycol product monograph. Bayer Inc. 1999.

59. Lescol product monograph. Novartis Pharmaceuticals 1999.

60. Kivisto KT, Lilja JJ, Backman JT et al.  Repeated consumption of grapefruit juice considerably increases plasma concentrations of cisapride. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1999; 66: 448-53.  Abstract

61. Kawakami M, Suzuki K, Ishzuka T et al.  Effect of grapefruit juice on pharmacokinetics of intraconazole in healthy subjects.  Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 1998; 36: 306-8.  Abstract

62. Penzak SR, Gubbins PO, Gurley BJ et al.  Grapefruit Juice decreases the systemic availability of itraconazole capsules in healthy volunteers.  Ther Drug Monit 1999; 21: 304-9. Abstract

63. Kumar N, Garg SK, Prabhakar S.   Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between grapefruit juice and phenytoin in healthy male volunteers and epileptic patients. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 1999; 21: 629-32.  Abstract

64. Gupta MC, Garg SK, Badyal D et al.  Effect of Grapefruit Juice on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline in healthy male volunteers.  Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 1999; 21: 679-82. Abstract

65. Libersa CC, Brique SA, Motte KB et al.  Dramatic inhibition of amiodarone metabolism induced by grapefruit juice.   Br J Clin Pharmacol 2000: 49: 373-8. Abstract

66. Damkier P, Hansen LL, Brosen K.   Effect of diclofenac, disulfiram, itraconazole, grapefruit juice and erythromycin on the pharmacokinetics of quinidine.  Br J Clin Pharmacol 1999; 48: 829-38.   Abstract

67. Eagling VA, Profit L, Back DJ. Inhibition of the CYP3A4-mediated metabolism and P-glycoprotein-mediated transport of the HIV-1 protease inhibitor saquinavir by grapefruit juice components. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1999; 48: 543-52. Abstract

68. van Agtmael MA, Gupta V, van der Graaf CAA et al.  The effect of grapefruit juice on the time-dependent decline of artemether plasma levels in healthy subjects.  Clin Pharmacol Ther 1999; 66: 408-14. Abstract

69. Tassaneeyakul W, Tassaneeyakkul W, Vannaprasaht S et al.  Formation of omeprazole sulphone but not 5-hydroxyomeprazole is inhibited by grapefruit juice.  Br J Clin Pharamcol 2000; 49: 139-44. Abstract

70. Bailey DG, Dresser GK, Kreeft JH et al.  Grapefruit juice-felodipine interaction: Effect of segments and an extract from unprocessed fruit. Clin Pharmacol Ther Feb 2000 Abstract PI-71.  Abstract

71. Demarles D, Gillotin C, Bonaventure-Paci S et al. Single-dose pharmacokinetics of amprenavir co-administered with grapefruit juice. Program and abstracts of the 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; Toronto, Ontario, Canada; September 17-20, 2000. Abstract 1649

72. Goldbart A, Press J, Sofer S et al. Near fatal acute colchicine intoxication in a child. A case report. Eur J Pediatr 2000; 159: 895-7. Abstract

73. Lilja JJ, Kivisto KT, Backman JT et al. Effect of grapefruit juice dose on grapefruit juice-triazolam interaction: repeated consumption prolongs triazolam half-life. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2000; 56: 411-5. Abstract

74. Varis T, Kivistro KT, Neuvonen PJ et al. Grapefruit juice can increase the plasma concentrations of oral methylprednisolone. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2000; 56: 489-93. Abstract 

75. Kanazawa S, Ohkubo T, Sugawara K. The effects of grapefruit juice on the pharmacokinetics of erythromycin. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2001; 56: 799-803. Abstract

76. Lee AJ, Chan WK, Harralson AF et al. The effects of grapefruit juice on sertraline metabolism: an in vitro and in vivo study. Clin Therapeutics 1999; 21: 1890-9. Abstract

77. Nagy J, Schipper HG, Koopmans RP et al. Effect of grapefruit juice or cimetidine coadministration on albendazole bioavailability. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2002 Mar;66(3):260-3. Abstract

78. Demarles D, Gillotin C, Bonaventure-Paci S et al. Single-dose pharmacokinetics of amprenavir coadministered with grapefruit juice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 May;46(5):1589-90. Abstract

79. Lane HY, Chiu CC, Kazmi Yet al. Lack of CYP3A4 inhibition by grapefruit juice and ketoconazole upon clozapine administration in vivo. Drug Metabol Drug Interact 2001;18(3-4):263-78. Abstract

80. Lane HY, Jann MW, Chang YC et al. Repeated ingestion of grapefruit juice does not alter clozapine's steady-state plasma levels, effectiveness, and tolerability. J Clin Psychiatry 2001 Oct;62(10):812-7. Abstract

81. Becquemont L, Verstuyft C, Kerb R et al. Effect of grapefruit juice on digoxin pharmacokinetics in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2001 Oct;70(4):311-6. Abstract

82. Christensen H, Asberg A, Holmboe AB, Berg KJ. Coadministration of grapefruit juice increases systemic exposure of diltiazem in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2002 Nov;58(8):515-20. Abstract

83. Dresser GK, Bailey DG, Leake BF et al. Fruit juices inhibit organic anion transporting polypeptide-mediated drug uptake to decrease the oral availability of fexofenadine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2002 Jan;71(1):11-20. Abstract

84. Charbit B, Becquemont L, Lepère B et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between grapefruit juice and halofantrine. lin Pharmacol Ther 2002;72:514-23. Abstract

85. Yasui N, Kondo T, Suzuki A et al. Lack of significant pharmacokinetic interaction between haloperidol and grapefruit juice. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1999 Mar;14(2):113-8. Abstract

86. Shelton MJ, Wynn HE, Hewitt RG et al. Effects of grapefruit juice on pharmacokinetic exposure to indinavir in HIV-positive subjects. J Clin Pharmacol 2001 Apr;41(4):435-42. Abstract

87. Penzak SR, Acosta EP, Turner M et al. Effect of Seville orange juice and grapefruit juice on indinavir pharmacokinetics. J Clin Pharmacol 2002 Oct;42(10):1165-70. Abstract

88. Zaidenstein R, Soback S, Gips M et al. Effect of grapefruit juice on the pharmacokinetics of losartan and its active metabolite E3174 in healthy volunteers. Ther Drug Monit 2001 Aug; 23(4):369-73. Abstract

89. Ebert U, Oertel R, Kirch W. Influence of grapefruit juice on scopolamine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in healthy male and female subjects. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2000 Nov;38(11):523-31. Abstract

90. Lilja JJ, Kivisto KT, Neuvonen PJ. Duration of effect of grapefruit juice on the pharmacokinetics of the CYP3A4 substrate simvastatin. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2000 Oct;68(4):384-90. Abstract

91. Jetter A, Kinzig-Schippers M, Walchner-Bonjean et al. Effects of grapefruit juice on the pharmacokinetics of sildenafil. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2002 Jan;71(1):21-9. Abstract

92. Lilja JJ, Kivisto KT, Backman JT et al. Grapefruit juice substantially increases plasma concentrations of buspirone. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1998 Dec;64(6):655-60. Abstract

93. Reif S, Nicolson MC, Bisset D, Reid M, Kloft C, Jaehde U, McLeod HL. Effect of grapefruit juice intake on etoposide bioavailability. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2002 Oct;58(7):491-4. Abstract

94. Di Marco MP, Edwards DJ, Wainer IW, Ducharme MP. The effect of grapefruit juice and seville orange juice on the pharmacokinetics of dextromethorphan: the role of gut CYP3A and P-glycoprotein. Life Sci 2002 Jul 26;71(10):1149-60. Abstract

95. Malhotra S, Bailey DG, Paine MF, Watkins PB. Seville orange juice-felodipine interaction: comparison with dilute grapefruit juice and involvement of furocoumarins. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2001 Jan;69(1):14-23. Abstract

96. Castro N, Jung H, Medina R et al. Interaction between grapefruit juice and praziquantel in humans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 May;46(5):1614-6. Abstract

97. Andersen V, Pedersen N, Larsen NE, Sonne J, Larsen S. Intestinal first pass metabolism of midazolam in liver cirrhosis --effect of grapefruit juice. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2002 Aug;54(2):120-4. Abstract

98. Yasui N, Kondo T, Furukori H et al. Effects of repeated ingestion of grapefruit juice on the single and multiple oral-dose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of alprazolam. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2000;150(2):185-90. Abstract

99. Fuhr U, Muller-Peltzer H, Kern R et al. Effects of grapefruit juice and smoking on verapamil concentrations in steady state. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2002 Apr;58(1):45-53. Abstract

100. Desta Z, Kivisto KT, Lilja JJ et al. Stereoselective pharmacokinetics of cisapride in healthy volunteers and the effect of repeated administration of grapefruit juice. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2001 Oct;52(4):399-407. Abstract 

101. Zaidenstein R, Dishi V, Gips M et al. The effect of grapefruit juice on the pharmacokinetics of orally administered verapamil. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1998 Jun;54(4):337-40. Abstract

102. Hashimoto K, Shirafuji T, Sekino H et al. Interaction of citrus juices with pranidipine, a new 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, in healthy subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1998 Nov-Dec;54(9-10):753-60. Abstract

103. Fuhr U, Maier-Bruggemann A, Blume H, Muck W, Unger S, Kuhlmann J, Huschka C, Zaigler M, Rietbrock S, Staib AH. Grapefruit juice increases oral nimodipine bioavailability. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 1998 Mar;36(3):126-32. Abstract

104. Banfield C, Gupta S, Marino M, Lim J, Affrime M. Grapefruit juice reduces the oral bioavailability of fexofenadine but not desloratadine. Clin Pharmacokinet 2002;41(4):311-8. Abstract

105. Allegra (fexofenadine) prescribing information. Physicians' Desk Reference, Moontvale (NJ): Medical Economics, 2000: 1343-4. Link to current Allegra prescribing info

106. Bailey DG, Dresser GK, Kreeft JH et al. Grapefruit-felodipine interaction: effect of unprocessed fruit and probable active ingredients. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2000 Nov;68(5):468-77. Abstract

107. Shi J, Montay G, Leroy B et al. Effects of Itraconazole or Grapefruit Juice on the Pharmacokinetics of Telithromycin. Pharmacotherapy 2005; 25(1): 42-51. Pubmed Citation

108. Lilja JJ, Backman JT, Laitila J et al. Itraconazole increases but grapefruit juice greatly decreases plasma concentrations of celiprolol. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2003 Mar: 73: 192-8. PubMed Citation

109. Lilja JJ, Juntti-Patinen L, Neuvonen PJ. Orange juice substantially reduces the bioavailability of the beta-adrenergic-blocking agent celiprolol. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2004 Mar;75(3):184-90. PubMed Citation

110. Gubbins PO, McConnell SA, Gurley BJ et al. Influence of Grapefruit Juice on the systemic availability of itraconazole oral solution in healthy adult volunteers. Pharmacotherapy 2004: 24(4):460-7. PubMed Citation

111. Fukazawa I, Uchida N, Yasuhara H. Effects of grapefruit juice on pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin and pravastatin in Japanese. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2003: 57(4): 448-55. PubMed Citation

112. Benmebarek M, Davaud C, Gex-Farby M et al. Effects of grapefruit juice on the pharmacokinetics of the enantiomers of methadone. Clin Pharmacol There 2004: 76: 55-63. PubMed Citation

113. Kharasch ED, Hoffer C, Whittington D et al. Role of hepatic and intestinal cytochrome P450 3A and 2B6 in the metabolism, disposition, and miotic effects of methadone. PubMed Citation

114. Becquemont L, Verstuyft C, Kerb R et al. Effect of grapefruit juice on digoxin pharmacokinetics in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2001: 70: 311-6. PubMed Citation

115. Parker RB, Yates CR, Soberman JE et al. Effects of grapefruit juice on intestinal P-glycoprotein: Evaluation using Digoxin in Humans. Pharmacotherapy 2003: 23(8): 979-87. PubMed Citation

116. Hermans K, Stockman D, Van den Branden F. Grapefruit and Tonic: A deadly combination in a patient with the Long QT syndrome. Am J Med 2003: 114: 511-2. PubMed Citation

117. Egashira K, Fukuda E, Onga T et al. Pomelo-induced increase in the blood level of tacrolimus in a renal transplant patient. Transplantation 2003: 75(7): 1057. PubMed Citation

118. Dreier JP, Endres M. Statin-associated rhabdomyolysis triggered by grapefruit consumption. Neurology 2004 Feb: 62(4): 670. PubMed Citation 

119. Hori H, Yoshimura R, Ueda S et al. Grapefruit Juice-Fluvoxamine interaction. Is it risky or not ? J Clin Psychopharmacol 2003 Aug: 23(4): 422-4. PubMed Citation

120. Lilja JJ, Neuvonen M, Neuvonen PJ. Effects of regular consumption of grapefruit juice on the pharmacokinetics of simvastatin. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2004: 58(1): 56-60. PubMed Citation

121. Crestor product Monograph. Astra-Zeneca Pharmaceuticals 2005. Link to Crestor monograph

122. Kharasch ED, Whittington D, Hoffer C. Influence of hepatic and intestinal cytochrome P4503A activity on the acute disposition and effects of oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate. Anesthesiology 2004 Sep; 101(3): 729-37. PubMed Citation

123. Bailey DG, Dresser GK. Interaction Between Grapefruit Juice and Cardiovascular Drugs. Am J Cardiovascular Drugs 2004: 4(5): 281-97. PubMed Citation

124. Egashira k, Ohtani H, Itoh S. Inhibitory Effects of Pomelo on the Metabolism of Tacrolimus and the Activities of CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein. Drug Metabolism Disposition 2004; 32: 828-33. PubMed Citation

125. Kharasch ED, Walker A, Hoffer C et al. Intravenous and oral alfentanil as in vivo probes for hepatic and first-pass cytochrome P450 3A activity: non-invasive assessmetn by use of pupillary miosis. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2004; 76: 452-66. PubMed Citation

126. Greenblatt DJ, von Moltke LL, Harmatz JS et al. Time course of recovery of cytochrome P450 3A function after single doses of grapefruit juice. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2003; 74: 121-9. PubMed Citation

127. Ohta T, Nagahashi M, Hosoi S, Tsukamoto S. Dihydroxybergamottin caproate as a potent and stable CYP3A4 inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem. 2002 Apr;10(4):969-73. PubMed Citation

128. Munoz CF, Ho S, Bend JR et al.Abstract PI-69: Propafenone interaction with CYP3A4 inhibitors in man. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1997 Feb; 154.

129. Saita T, Hiroshi F, Mori M. Screening of Furanocoumarin Derivatives in Citrus Fruits by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Biol Pharm Bull 2004; 27(7): 974-7. PubMed Citation

130. Fujita K, Hidaka M, Takamura N et al. Inhibitory Effects of Citrus Fruits on cytochrome p450 3A (CYP3A) activity in humans. Boil Pharm Bull 2003; 26: 1371-3. PubMed Citation

131. Hidaka, M., K. Fujita, et al. Potent inhibition by star fruit of human cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) activity. Drug Metab Dispos 2004; 32(6): 581-3. PubMed Citation

132. Malhotra, S, Bailey DG, Paine MF et al. Seville orange juice-felodipine interaction: comparison with dilute grapefruit juice and involvement of furocoumarins. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2001; 69(1): 14-23. PubMed Citation

133. Veronese ML, Gillen LP, Burke JP et al. Exposure-dependent inhibition of intestinal and hepatic CYP3A4 in vivo by grapefruit juice. J Clin Pharmacol 2003; 43(8): 831-9. PubMed Citation

134. Wangensteen H, Molden E, Christensen H et al. Identification of epoxybergamottin as a CYP3A4 inhibitor in grapefruit peel. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2003; 58(10): 663-8. PubMed Citation

135. Inspra Prescribing Information (US). Pfizer Inc. 2005. Link to Prescribing Information.

136. Lin HL, Kent UM, Hollenberg PF. The grapefruit juice effect is not limited to cytochrome P450 (P450) 3A4: evidence for bergamottin-dependent inactivation, heme destruction, and covalent binding to protein in P450s 2B6 and 3A5. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005; 313: 154-64. PubMed Citation


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